Rhetorical Analysis Of Ronald Reagans Red Glare - 1180 Words

Reagan’s Red Glare During a time of terrifying darkness, a time of rising hostility, there stood two giants, menacingly staring down the other. One giant in the eastern hemisphere, named the USSR, and the other giant in the western hemisphere, the United States of America. As the two stared each other down, reaching closer and closer to war, a man stood up; determined to make the world a better place. This man spoke out against the USSR and the vices within the United States. This man was Ronald Reagan, the leader of the United States. With the fervor and duty of a leader, he climbed on top of the American giant, armed with diligence and the will of his people. On top, he began his speech against the Soviet Union, driving passion†¦show more content†¦By allowing himself to speak from the heart, the mundane details in his speech turn into key points of his speech. This aspect of his rhetoric enhanced his words, acting as a shimmering light for the distraught and the ho peless acting similarly as moths to a flame. His usage of pathos diffused through the crowds, allowing them to pick up his passion and his fervor. Reagan even directly uses emotion to rile up the crowd by attacking the notion of discouragement, telling the people that they are actively contributing towards a new spiritual awakening. (â€Å"American Rhetoric: Ronald Reagan†). His rhetoric definitely utilized emotion to great extents, but his speech didn’t total out to emotion. He had to pierce through hearts of stone as well, leading towards his use of logos. For the pragmatic, the thoughts of imminent nuclear warfare terrified any rational being, whether Soviet or American. Reagan had to find a way to reason his way with not visions of hope, but with answers. He began by starting off with homeland affairs, discussing issues such as infanticide and abortions, stating statistics. For instance, he spoke against abortions claiming that they took the lives of â€Å"one and a half million†, adding on that his legislation will end such a practice. (â€Å"American Rhetoric: Ronald Reagan†) Outside of abortion, Reagan also champions the fact that he himself benefits the country by protecting handicapped and

Can the Concept of ‘Early’ and ‘Late’ Industrialization...

Can the concept of ‘early’ and ‘late’ industrialization explain the key institutional and organizational characteristics of national business systems, and do they have any bearing on long-term national competitiveness? Introduction The concept of industrialization has been used among different nations and regions, while many countries have carried out their own industrialization progress during the past several decades, which stimulates the development of organizations and better corporate performance. There are different kinds of national business systems with their distinctive characteristics varying among countries. Then ‘early’ and ‘late’ industrialization is applied to describe two main types of national businesses that†¦show more content†¦He pointed out that different economic levels have their own requirements and they may not follow the same process of industrialization. Moreover, he raised the most influential theory related to late industrialization that the economically backward states may have rapider growth rate as they are late comers, and the national development process relied on the degree of economic backwardness. That is to say the more backward a country, the faster it will advance (ibid). Financial system and Business groups There are several aspects of early and late industrialization that bring about institutional and organizational characteristics differences among countries. The various financial systems and business groups is one of the key factors which affect the actual economic behavior. According to Hutton (1995), the financial systems in the UK and US are stock market oriented, which require high returns relatively. The major organizations are controlled by stock-holders in the US. These financial institutions operate their business while trading shares in an intense competitive stock market, which makes them to adjust and react quickly to changing market conditions. Hence such unstable investment environment forces all the companies take the risk of being merged or taken over by rivals as long as they occupy their shares largely on the stockShow MoreRelatedAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 PagesAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI October, 2 0 0 4 ii AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI (MATRICULATION NO. 3081) A Dissertation Submitted to St. Clements University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy in Management St. Clements University October, 2004 iii DECLARATION I declare thatRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescomprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and seriousRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmanagement – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing AssociationRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesPublished by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in a ny network or other electronic

What are the arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for social welfare Free Essays

The different arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for social welfare have been powerfully put across by people of opposing political persuasions in Britain over the last 60 years. In this essay, therefore, I intend to use Britain’s welfare state to exemplify arguments for and against the state taking primary responsibility for social welfare. The welfare state in Britain was introduced in 1945 by the newly elected Labour government. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for social welfare? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although this was the first comprehensive attempt at creating a functional welfare state it is important to note that it was not an entirely new policy. In fact, we can trace back to 1601 to find an early attempt at implementing a state welfare provision – the Poor Law. The theory behind this legislation was that the poor were to be categorized into the deserving (â€Å"the impotent poor†) and the undeserving (â€Å"the persistent idlers†). There were many obvious flaws in the methodology and logic in the implementation of the Poor Law but it must be recognised that this was an early attempt at providing a social welfare system. This demonstrates that for hundreds of years a case has been made for some measure of state social welfare provision. It is also vital not to underestimate the impact the studies carried out by social researchers such as Rowntree (1901) and Booth (1902) had on the forming and implementation of a social welfare provision in 1945. The Beveridge report (1942) pointed to the â€Å"chaotic† and â€Å"piecemeal† introduction of changes into the system and stated the need for a new and more comprehensive system to be installed. Beveridge’s report was underpinned by the need to cure the â€Å"five giants†. Beveridge identified these â€Å"five giants† as: Idleness, Squalor, Ignorance, Want and Disease. He identified the need for a state commitment to securing full employment to combat idleness. He argued public housing must be available for all citizens to rent. To cure ignorance he suggested the need for a free education system for anyone up to the age of 15. He suggested the implementation of a national health service to help cure disease. Finally, Beveridge argued that National Insurance benefits should be handed out to all in need. The welfare state had to be introduced in a series of acts, notably the National Health Service Act (1946), the Education Act (1944), the Family Allowance Act (1945). At the time there was much reluctance towards carrying out all of the proposals. The arguments against this degree of state provision stemmed from concerns about cost and the fundamental principles of welfare (e. g. how decisions are made and who should be entitled to receive welfare). Because of the reluctance that grew from the fact that these arguments were never resolved. Beveridge’s suggestions were never fully implemented but his ideas still clearly formed the inspiration for the future of welfare reform. One of the main criticisms of Beveridge’s proposals and of the concept of a welfare state is that a number of important assumptions have to be made for it to function successfully. For example, within the report, Beveridge makes the assumption that married women would be full time housewives and that for most of their lives women would not be employed. Therefore, married women would only receive benefits through men, thus, creating a culture which encourages women’s reliance on men. Because of this feminists have argued that the British welfare state relied on a â€Å"familial ideology† and treated women as second class citizens. This example of the role of women within the welfare state illustrates the point that any welfare system is not neutral that is based on ideological assumptions. These assumptions will influence the way that different members of the public will respond to state provision of welfare. Another example of these ideological assumptions would be the 17th century belief that only the â€Å"impotent poor† deserve state welfare. The economics of Britain’s state welfare system have also come under a lot of criticism. These critics argue there are some fundamental flaws with the economic ideology underpinning the system. Firstly, for the welfare state to operate properly and fairly their must be nearly full employment in the country where it is based as, in theory, this will maximize tax revenue and minimize unemployment benefits. This system worked relatively effectively until the early 1970’s. However, due to the relative decline of the UK economy, Britain suffered an economic crisis and unemployment started rising rapidly. Since then mass unemployment has been a serious problem within British society. Critics suggest that this is proof of how dependent a welfare state is on a prosperous economy. Basically this meant that the welfare state was reliant on capitalism – rather than contributing to the undermining or softening of its most brutal aspects . The New Right have made strong arguments against state welfare provision. The 1979 election brought into power a conservative government that had a new and radical approach to public expenditure and the welfare state as a whole. Probably the most notable change in policy brought in by the New Right was the end of the commitment to full employment that previous governments had encouraged. The New Right believed in a â€Å"natural level of employment†. They felt that this â€Å"natural level of employment† was being undermined by wages being too high due to the actions of trade unions. Therefore, they argued that the market would solve unemployment by creating downward pressure on wages. Because of this, the differential between wages and benefits was increased by creating downward pressure on benefit levels and therefore welfare expenditure. However, despite this right wing shift in political thinking, there was no major change in welfare expenditure until the late 1980’s. The year 1988 was an important one in terms of implications for the welfare state as it represented a far more radical application of New Right thinking towards the welfare state. Firstly, the New Right introduced a shift from the previous system of universal provision towards a system based more upon selective provision. For example, some of the benefits that were previously available to everyone (universal) became only available to some via a â€Å"means test† (selective). This was a big move that completely contradicted the universal method employed by previous more left wing governments. Another change made by the New Right was the introduction of privatization and marketization. An example of this is the case of the sale of council houses. The public housing stock was privatized and sold off in an attempt to create a market for the council housing which had originally in Beveridge’s thinking, been intended for public ownership and private rent. Another major shift made by the Conservative government was towards community care. There was a trend for mentally ill, elderly and disabled people to be moved from institutions to care in the community. However, what this basically meant was that rather than institutional care the responsibility was shifted onto the family. It is also very important to note that care in the community was considerably cheaper for the state to maintain than institutional care. The New Right also consciously made an effort to change the public’s perception of welfare – shifting away from the view that the state is the only provider of welfare. The responsibility of the state was reduced through the encouragement of private provision and by emphasizing the importance of the charitable and voluntary sector. This is one of the central strands of the argument against state welfare provision. At this juncture it is important to consider the effect privatization has had on society and the welfare state. Since the New Right introduced new policy pertaining to welfare in 1979 there have been a number of examples of the UK government seeking to encourage private provision of welfare. People have been encouraged to take out private insurance plans for their welfare needs and the number of people covered by private health insurance rose from 2. million to 5. 2 million between 1976 and 1986 (Julian Le Grand, 1990). In the mid 1980’s the Conservative government tried to shift sickness insurance and pension insurance into the private sector also. These plans, however, never came to fruition owing to major criticism and insurance companies expressing a reluctance to take up policies for all employees Hutton (1996) strongly criticizes the New Rights welfare expenditure policy. He argues against the belief that public expenditure should be reduced during troubled times for the economy. Hutton believes that the cuts are spurred by political ideology rather then by economic need. In Hutton’s words â€Å"apart from Iceland, Britain runs the meanest, tightest, lowest-cost social security system in the world†. Hutton alleges that the twenty-first century will see a large rise in the amount of tax revenue available to fund welfare payments. The voluntary sector must also be discussed when considering arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for the welfare state. Organizations such as Barnados, the Salvation Army and the NSPCC provide voluntary care. They serve a different role to statutory bodies set up by Parliament, but the views of these voluntary providers are respected and need to be taken into account as well. These organizations tend to have specialized expertise and experience in certain areas and the government can benefit from this knowledge. A major bonus of voluntary provision is that they are often very cost effective as unpaid volunteers are often used. It is estimated by Knapp (1989) that the total amount of public-sector support for voluntary provision between 1983 and 1986 was i3151 million. However, there are also inherent weaknesses in voluntary provision. The biggest and most blatant problem stems from the nature of voluntary work as it cannot be guaranteed. Critics also point to the fact that voluntary work may be unequally provided across the country. The service can therefore be inconsistent and the advice from the voluntary sector to government might differ depending on the region. It is also suggested that due to financial restrictions the voluntary sector will never be anything more than a secondary level service that relies on the state or private sector provision. Social security benefits are the most redistributive aspect of the welfare state as they distribute income to the poorest people in the country. A point in favour of a social welfare system, from a socialist or social democratic perspective, is that the social security benefits can be used to redistribute wealth to make society economically fairer by heavily taxing the rich and giving it to the poorest people in society. On the other hand, opponents see this as a Robin Hood aspect of state social welfare which demotivates both the richest and the poorest people in the country – encouraging idleness (one of the â€Å"five giants† beveridge was trying to eradicate) amongst the poor and encouraging the rich to leave the country. The New Right when in power, therefore, cut back on the redistributive aspects of welfare provision. The one-off grant system that was previously in effect was replaced in the 1986 and 1988 security acts and 16 to 18 year olds entitlement to income support was revoked. In current political debates the Conservative party, now in opposition frequently accuse the Labour party of redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor via â€Å"underhand† or â€Å"stealthy† methods. This is an indication that the argument about the extent to which the state should take responsibility for social welfare remains highly contested. Where you stand on this issue is fundamental to your political beliefs and how you will vote. How to cite What are the arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for social welfare?, Essays

International Mental Health Examination

Question: Discuss about the International Mental Health Examination. Answer: Introduction: Thought form refers to the verbal record of how and not what the patient thinks about. In a normal situation, the thought form is supposed to be goal directed and logical (Martin, 2012). On the other hand, thought content is what the patient thinks about with minimal emphasis on the process or form (Martin, 2012). To interpret Annabelles thought disturbance, we have to briefly record an extract of her conversation so that we can understand the way her thoughts are produced. Moreover, it helps us understand the way she associates one subject with another in the conversation (Faber, 2011). For instance, she does not associate well the responses as she says the sores are everywhere, even under her skin, then she adds that everyone is falling, a statement that totally disqualifies her thought form (Emedicine.medscape.com, 2016). Thus, it can be referred to as a tangentiality in thought form because her responses are off the topic and her answers do not correspond with the asked questions (Faber, 2011). The thought content can be a basis of determination of the disturbance of Annabelles feelings (Faber, 2011). First, it is imperative to delineate certain features by asking specific questions. For instance, you may inquire why she is brought to the hospital or what she is seeing and feeling. In addition to specific questions, a reality testing assessment can be effective to look for more psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions (Faber, 2011). Clearly, Annabelle has delusions and hallucinations because she believes that people are falling and also hears some sounds, screams and holds her ears after looking at the ceiling. Additionally, she converses with children that the nurses and the guard cannot see. In summary, Annabelle has tangentiality in her thought form. Moreover, she has hallucinations and delusions in the content of her thoughts. Perception is the identification, interpretation and organisation of information that is sensory so that one can understand and represent the environment (Martin, 2012). Furthermore, it can be defined as a set of subconscious cognitive processes of the brain that detects, interprets, relates and searches cognitive information in the brain. Thus, it mainly relates to the nervous system (Martin, 2012). The major disturbances in perception that can be observed are hallucinations and delusions. The interpretation of the senses is based on asking questions and observing the behaviour and movements of the patient. First off, we can ask her if she has some powers so that we can determine delusions of grandeur, reference or persecution. Annabelle believes that children are falling. Moreover, she is determined to ask for forgiveness from the nurse. She has auditory hallucination because she asks the nurse to shut up as if there is someone that she is listening to (Nordgaard and Parnas, 2012). An understanding of Annabelles sensory misperceptions can help the assessors to be keen on specific areas so that the characteristics are determined. For instance, the nurse may ask her to describe the nature of the things that she is seeing or feeling. This way, we may classify her delusions and hallucinations (Nordgaard and Parnas, 2012). Because she has auditory hallucinations, I may ask further questions. For example, when do the voices come? Are they clear, loud or subdued? Do you recognise the sources? Are they unpleasant or they are just good? And many others. Delusions would also attract questions like the sources and the reasons why she believes so. The further probe helps us interpret the sensory changes that Annabelle is having and thus propel us closer to the right diagnosis and interventions(Emedicine.medscape.com, 2016). Mood refers to the general state of emotions from the clients subjective point of view, and involves the feelings that are present during the examination time and a few days or hours preceding it. Additionally, it is assessed by a direct questioning of the patient and recording a verbatim answer (Thompson, 2016). On the other hand, affect is the objective examination of the immediate expression of emotions that is flows with the interview (Thompson, 2016). Annabelles mood is a mixture of fright and anxiety. In terror, she looks at the ceiling and then reverts to smiles and giggles after a short while. This mood is not stable and changes over time. When the other two nurses and a guard enter the room, Annabelle looks at the ceiling then later begins to sob in despair, in a mood that is sad after telling them that the children have been hurt. Moreover, her speech describes her mood (Crighton, 2011). It is pressured, loud and rapid. Here, it describes an anxious mood (Cummings, 2014). The qualitative description of Annabelles affect is that it is elated, suspicious and aloof. It can also be described as fearful and anxious. Furthermore, she exhibits a full range of emotions according to the expression of the feelings outwardly. For example, she sobs when depressed about the children and giggles when thinking of a good thing. Her emotional reactions change quickly and are somehow labile because of the time taken for tears to come out. Again, her affect is appropriate and compatible to the ideas, the thought content and the motor activities that she exhibits (Hooper, 2014). Also, it is consistent with the mood that she has. Therefore, the domain of the appropriateness to the situation and content is confirmed as far as affect is concerned. Thus, Annabelles mood and affect are congruent with her condition and its expression. Annabelles general appearance is not as expected of a young adult especially a lady who has been in college. She has a jeans that is dirty and a t-shirt. She walks barefooted. This is an indication of the inability to take care of herself. The hair that is decorated in blue and yellow is matted and unkempt. Moreover, it shows how careless she has become lately due to her mental condition (Varcarolis, Halter and Varcarolis, 2010). The dressing is not appropriate for her considering that she is 22 years old. Again, she appears restless, bizarre, and tense in her posture. Moreover, she rarely takes a sit unless her mother convinces her. She wrings her hands as she paces around the corridors. Her facial expression is fearful and elated, as evidenced by the refusal to follow a nurse but just the mother. Furthermore, she has an increased psychomotor activity (Australian College of Mental Health Nursing 41st International Mental Health Nursing Conference - Mental Health Nurses: shifting cul ture, leading change, 2015). Her actions are also spontaneous because she just giggles and then sobs after a few minutes. Again, she quickly tells the nurse that it is not in her veins. Her motor activities are also appropriate considering that she moves around and wrings her hands. However, there are no tics present (Varcarolis, Halter and Varcarolis, 2010). Annabelles behaviours are bizarre. First, she is not oriented to time, place and person. Additionally, she repeatedly wrings her hands. Her gaze and manner are evidence of fear and intrigue. Again, there is sudden show of happiness through light laughter and then she sobs after staring at the ceiling. Other evident behaviours are delusions and hallucinations. Here, she hears sounds that even prompt her to guard her hears. She also believes that children are hurt and people may be falling. These behaviours are generally described as being bizarre (Varcarolis, Halter and Varcarolis, 2010). References Australian College of Mental Health Nursing 41st International Mental Health Nursing Conference - Mental Health Nurses: shifting culture, leading change. (2015).International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24, pp.1-49. Crighton, D. (2011). Risk assessment: predicting violence.Evidence-Based Mental Health, 14(3), pp.59-61. Cummings, J. (2014). The one-minute mental status examination.Neurology, 62(4), pp.534-535. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2016).History and Mental Status Examination: Overview, Patient History, Mental Status Examination. [online] Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/293402-overview [Accessed 4 Jan. 2016]. Faber, R. (2011). The Neuropsychiatric Mental Status Examination.Seminars in Neurology, 29(03), pp.185-193. Hooper, L. (2014). Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Implications for Clinical Mental Health Counselors and Other Mental Health Providers.Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 36(2), pp.95-98. Martin, D. (2012).The Mental Status Examination. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK320/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2016]. Nordgaard, l. and Parnas, J. (2012). Poster #71 Reliability Of The Assessment Of Subjective Experience And Of Mental Status.Schizophrenia Research, 136, p.S211. Thompson, J. (2016).A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine. [online] Meded.ucsd.edu. Available at: https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/mental.htm [Accessed 4 Jan. 2016]. Varcarolis, E., Halter, M. and Varcarolis, E. (2010).Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. 1st ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier.