Adab In Medieval Arabic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adab In Medieval Arabic Literature - Essay Example The first Al-Kindi’s argument for the existence of God pertains to the belief on causality. This means that everything that professes existence must have a beginning of existence. In this sense, it is impossible to have a beginning without a cause. Besides, entities to causes are infinite. Therefore, there is a prime cause of infinite elements that trigger other causes. This means that the prime cause must be a true one. The true cause refers to a sole God. According to Aristotle’s arguments, there are four stages of causes. This entails the final, the efficient, the formal and the material causes in terms of vitality. In a nutshell, there are two credible causes in the universe. The first cause is the sincere efficient one since its action springs from nothing. On the other hand, the other causes are intermediate since they spring from other causes. God is the only credible force that acts on other things. The reverse meaning of the same regards the idea that other thi ngs cannot act upon Him. Besides the argument on causality, Al-Kindi argues that everything in the world springs from creation (Kennedy 220). This means that there is a divine being that creates such entities. However, every creation lacks the life of sustaining itself. It must rely on the superior being to feed life into the same. This suggests that every creation is not eternal. The sole eternal being is God since He exists to breathe life into new creations. Similarly, the unicity of God is arguably from the observed nature of beings. The world possesses both irregularity and regularity that interact to create a beautiful working mixture. The world has a sculpture in a sense that does not jeopardize itself. In this sense, there are surprising disparities that coexist to accord a meaningful life.

Explain the different roles played by (i) the central bank, (ii) Essay

Explain the different roles played by (i) the central bank, (ii) depository institutions, and (iii) depositors in the determina - Essay Example For example, there is a strong proof that when money increases rapidly in an economy, there develops a direct relation between money-supply and long-term price inflation. On the other hand, a decrease in the level of money supply in a country leads to a decrease in economic activity, tightened spending levels and a fall in consumer demand. The quantity theory of money states that money supply has a relationship that is directly proportional in nature to the price level (Friedman, 1956). Different institutions have different but correlated roles to play in the determination of money supply in a country and the global economy. Examples of such institutions are the central bank and depository institutions. Depositors also have a part to play in this. Roles of the central bank Every country has a central bank that monitors and determines money supply in the country’s economy. In the US, the money supply is determined by the US Federal Reserve, the central banking system of the US. Its role is to foster economic growth in the US by regulating the actions of private banks and stabilizing the money supply. The Federal Reserve, also known as Fed, uses the expansive monetary policy as a guide in expanding the US money supply (Shin, 2009). Using the expansive monetary policy, the Federal Reserve channels more reserves to the banking system so as to allow private banks more liquidity and to make sure that they have the required ability to issue loans. In the UK, determination of money supply is the function of the Bank of England while that of the counties under the EU is the European Central Bank (ECB) (Burda and Wyplosz, 1997). In order to stabilize an economy in a country, the central bank has the power to determine the level of money stock through the operation of different monetary policies. These policies include reserve requirements, open market operations and discount rates. The most dominant among the three monetary policies is the open market operations p olicy. According to Howells and Bain (2009), an open market operation is a situation in which the central bank purchases or trades government securities for cash in an effort to contract or expand the total money supply. Money supply in the country will increase if the central bank purchases government securities but it will contract if the central bank sells government securities. The responsibility of the central bank in relation to fractional reserve banking is to hold a particular fraction of all deposits. This can be in account with the central bank or in cash. In order to alter money supply, the central bank alters the percentage of total deposits that needs to be held by commercial banks. In this way, the central bank can increase the monetary base in a country by reducing the reserve requirements or reduce the monetary base by increasing the reserve requirements (Mishkin, 1998). The central banks also determine money supply in a country by controlling discount rates. This is possible because the central bank in every country supplies commercial banks with the money they require to meet consumer demand. Therefore, the central bank can meet and control consumer demand for money by controlling the national interest rates. For example, the consumer demand for money will increase greatly if the interest rates decrease while a decrease in consumer demand for money will arise if the interest rates increase. Roles of depository institutions By definition, depository

The Crucible Act Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Act Essay This meant that God chose each person from birth for salvation or damnation. Only God knew the fate of a person and nothing you did would change it. They lived very strict lives that adhered to the divine law and you were condemned if you didn’t obey it. 2. When Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft just to get the pressure off of her and so that they would stop asking her questions. More evidence is found when we discover the affair between Abigail and proctor which could be the reason why Abigail tries to hide the truth about what really happened. An alternative is that they just wanted to do something daring and fun because Puritans were very strict and they didn’t have that much freedom. Or they wanted to use witchcraft to make potions to get men to fall in love with them. 3. Reverend Paris is the minister of Salem. He caught his daughter Betty, Ruth Putnam, and Abigail Williams dancing with Tituba in the woods. He thinks they were performing witchcraft and now he’s worried that he’ll be kicked out of the town for having a witch as a daughter. He is a paranoid, attention seeking, self-absorbed person. Most people in the town don’t like him. 4. Thomas Putnam was a very wealthy man who wanted to increase his wealth buy accusing people of witchcraft and then buying their land. Ann Putnam is Thomas Putnam’s wife who is woman who has experienced many deaths and has bad dreams. She thinks that witchcraft was the reason that she had 7 stillborn children, so she’s okay with blaming these deaths on the supernatural and wants justice for the â€Å"wicked doings† of someone else. Ruth Putnam is the only surviving child of the Putnams. She fell ill along with Betty after Reverend Parris found them dancing in the woods. Ruth goes to Tituba to conjure spirits so she’d be able to communicate with her dead siblings because her mother asked her to. 5. It became suspicious when we found out that Elizabeth didn’t want to sit near Abigail (whom she fired), despite the fact that Abigail has denied doing anything wrong. The commentary gives us a bit of background information and helps us understand some of the things going on in the story. On page 1241 the 5 paragraphs of commentary go into detail about Thomas Putnam, discussing his background life and personality. From this commentary we now know that Putnam was very wealthy and he felt like he had superiority over everyone else. He has a vindictive, revengeful, and bitter personality. This gives us insight into the character so that we can deeply understand them which will help us grasp the story better.

Dawn Bread Company Analysis

Dawn Bread Company Analysis Company Profile Dawn Bread Dawn Bread is amongst the leading bakers of the world, and are committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread have brought one of the worlds most technologically advanced baking units to Pakistan and the use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Breada name that has come to signify quality and freshness in bread products. A success story that was written by a family that is committed to honest to goodness enterprise and concerned with the prosperity of the country. The enterprise, which made a humble beginning in late 1981, has, within a decade, grown to capture 35% of the consolidated market share of all bread products in the country, a fact that speaks volumes about the credibility of the company and its products. Prior to the establishment of Dawn Bread, the largest producer of bread products was the public sector. However, this sector could not cope with the demands of the consumer and this when, perceiving a change in the eating habits of Pakistanis, Dawn Bread was envisioned. Beginning with the plant in Karachi, commissioned in October 1981, Dawn Bread built-up a reputation for freshness, quality and taste. Creating awareness plus a demand for bread products, the second plant was commissioned in Islamabad in January 1985. Nothing succeeds like success, so next came the plant in Hyderabad in January 1987, a year that was to also witness the establishment of another plant at Lahore, in November 1987. In 1989 we established the plant at Multan. After consolidating this expansion, the sixth plant was commissioned at Faisalabad in February 1992. Now our customers can find Dawns quality and freshness from the southern tip of Pakistan to the Northern city of Peshawar. For purpose of standardization, the company associated itself with FMBRA of United Kingdom in 1990 to bring itself in line with international standards of production, technology, machinery and formulation Now, all theDawn Breadplants boast of the latest machinery used in the bread-making process. They are managed by senior food technologists with decades of experience, while those manning the machinery are provided on the job training in congenial working conditions. Taking a responsible place in society, the company is committed to the uplift and development of the society as a whole, and participates in sports and social welfare activities. Products of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread is amongst the leading bakers of the Pakistan, and is committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread have brought one of the worlds most technologically advanced baking units to Pakistan and the use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Bread has good range of products mainly categorized into Breads, Buns, Sweets, Frozen and other. Following is the description of products of Dawn Bread: Breads Product Description Multigrain Dawns Multigrain bread brings you Natures Best in a perfectly soft, grainy and textured loaf . Baked from a special combination of imported grains, full of natural flavor aroma, this premium bread is a perfect companion to any meal, snack, sandwich or just by itself. Fresh Wholesome Goodness for the whole family to enjoy! Bran Bread Dawns Bran Bread freshly baked for health conscious customers. This bread contributes towards the daily intake of fiber to help maintain the right balanced diet. Milky Bread Made by the addition of milk, this oven fresh aromatic bread is made so that each slice contains the richest of texture and gives that extra taste. Plain White Bread This freshly baked and nutritious bread was one of the first products to be introduced in the Pakistani market by Dawn Bread. Fortified Bread Freshly baked and wholesome, this bread contributes to the recommended daily intake of essential nutrients that form a major component of a healthy and balanced diet. Made from the finest ingredients, this multi purpose bread can be used for breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks or whenever, with whatever you like. Buns Product Description Hot Dog Buns Hot Dog Buns are growing in popularity by the day. Baked using the strictest of quality standards, our tasty product is made to be the freshest hot dog bun available in the Pakistani market. Fruity Buns An all time favorite breakfast alternative commonly known as Maska Bun, our Fruit bun still carries that distinct taste perfected by Dawn. Served with a luxuriant layer of butter or just by itself, the taste of this sweet treat will not let you down. Burger Buns Our Oven fresh buns are a treat by themselves. Baked by using only the very finest of ingredients, and perfected by years of experience in the baking field, these aromatic buns make the perfect burgers. We also take pride in the fact that we are the official bakers in Pakistan for the largest fast food chain in the world Sweets Product Description Strawberry Vanila Cake Strawberry Vanila flavored cakes made with only the best of ingredients. These little delights are simply a must have, good things do come in small packages. Short Cake Sometime called Ship Cake, is best choice for tea parties and snacks. One of the most popular products of Dawn Bread in Cake category. Pineapple Cake Cup Shaped cake flavored with pineapple and with only the best of ingredients. Mango Cake Mango Cake is tasty cup shaped cake full of mango flavor, best in all seasons. Fresh and likeable product of Dawn Bread Cup Cake Simple tasty cup shaped cakes made with only the best of ingredients. Frozen Product Description DAWN PARATHA FROZEN PARATHA PREPARED ON PLANT In line with Dawns philosophy of continues innovation, we are proud to be the first to introduce DAWNs PARATHA. Our paratha provides the best of both worlds, giving the same home cooked tasted while providing the most convenient preparation method possible. Other Product Description DAWN RUSK The first packaged crispy rusks to be made available in the Pakistani market. Made under hygienic conditions and packaged to retain their freshness and taste. Try our rusk with tea or coffee today. Export Products of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread also has number of export food products under category of Frozen Dough of different type with tag name Mezban. Dawn Bread amongst the leading bakers of the world, and are committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Export Products and Description Aloo Paratha Griddle-fried Potato stuffed flat breads are called Aloo Parathas The stuffing is made with mouth watering exotic potatos prepared with different herbs and spices. For a simple, rich indulgence eat it plain or top a freshly made hot parantha with a dollop of whipped butter or mint chutney. Enjoy! Sheermal Sheermal is a sweet flat bread baked in clay ovens which gives it a unique aroma and texture.It can be eaten plain or with any curry of your choice. Enjoy! Puri Puri is a thin flat bread which after deep frying turns into a crispy golden brown bread. Puri can be served with pickles, spicy potato and chickpee curry or any other meal of your choice Enjoy! Chatpata Mix Vegetable Samosa Mix vegetable samosa is a traditional Pakistani savory pastry stuffed with spicy vegetables.This aromatic appetizer is a perfect harmony of flavor and texture. Stuffed with Potatoes, Peas, Cauliflower,Coriander and a wonderful mix of spices, these samosas are an exotic finger food choice for any occasion. Chatpata Potato Samosa Potato samosa is a traditional Pakistani savory pastry stuffed with spicy mashed potatoes. This aromatic appetizer is a perfect harmony of flavor and texture. Stuffed with potatos, Onions and wonderful spices, these samosas are an exotic finger food choice for any occasion. Chai Paratha Capture the spirit and essence of the Peshawari Chai Paratha as made by Pathan dhabas (cafà ©s) all over. This regional delicacy has been prepared as per the original recipe using only the very finest of ingredients to give you an authentic mouthwatering experience. The original aroma and taste! Takes only minutes to serve!!! Whole Wheat Paratha Regular consumption of fiber is associated with risk reduction of coronary heart disease. In general, soluble fiber (of which oats are a good source) is the dietary fiber most linked to a reduction of cholesterol levels. Dawns Whole Wheat Paratha is prepared with the finest of whole wheat flour, oat bran and margarine to give you the same great tasting paratha, but better suited to a healthy lifestyle. Roghni Kulcha The Kulcha is a traditional unleavened whole wheat bread baked in a clay tandoor (Oven). The distinct smoky flavour of the Kulcha is the result of the moisture dripping onto the hot charcoal in a traditional tandoor. The Naan is pressed against the sides of the pot with the use of a small pillow and is cooked by conducted heat. Incidentally, the familiar tear shape of Naan bread comes from the dough dripping down the sides of the tandoor. Good with any dish bring the tandoor to your table today. Tandoori Roti Tandoori Roti all time best choice for dinner and lunch. Tafan Frozen Taftan product of Dawn Bread with all best ingredients for traditional lunch and dinner. Dawn Bread Product Ingredient Chart Sheet Dawn Bread use quality ingredients and an advanced production process to ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Bread Product Distribution Network in Pakistan Dawn groupsdistribution network comprises of over two hundred company owned vehicles in a distribution system spread all over Pakistan. On a daily basis, Dawn Bread distributes its goods to over a 10,000 retail outlets. This makes Dawn Bread one of the largest distribution networks for any product in Pakistan. Dawn Bread distribute in almost all the major metropolitan areas, secondary metropolitan areas as well as the rural parts of the country. Dawn Bread network has been in the business of touching each of our 10,000 retail customers on a daily basis for the past twenty years. Distribution Network of Dawn Bread in Pakistan can be studied by dividing it into five parts based on its five plants in Pakistan at Karachi, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Lahore and Rawalpindi in Sindh and Punjab province of Pakistan, respectively as shown in diagram. Plant-wise Distribution Areas of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread Export Product Distribution Network Dawn Bread exports its quality products to different countries of the world namely Alaska, Canada, United States of America, Norway, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, South Africa, Saudia Arabia, Japan as shown in below diagram of Dawn Bread world wide distribution network. In United States of America, distribution network future break down into distribution areas as follow  · Washington  · Oregon  · Idaho  · Nevada  · California  · Texas  · Oklahoma  · Illinois  · Wisconsin  · Michigan  · Indiana  · Ohio  · Virginia  · New York  · Massachusetts  · Connecticut  · New Jersey . Maryland

Evolution and Ambiguous Communication Essay -- Biology Essays Research

Throughout the debate concerning evolution, I have noted the relative precision or imprecision of various methods of human communication. From the connotations of particular words to the emotion incited by a distinct music phrase, it is often surprising which human forms of expression are ambiguous and which seem to be universal. When considering this phenomenon, it is perhaps useful to construct a method for discussing the relative accuracy of communicating exactly what we mean when we use various ways to say it. From an evolutionary standpoint, it is relevant to our discussion to ask whether meaning(thought) pushed language into existence, or whether it was language that originated meaning. If the first is true, then mediums such as art and music are truly a product of our desire to communicate meaning in a direct sense. The meaning to be communicated first forms itself in the creator's head in some wordless nebula, and then consequently find release directly onto the painter's canvas, or the musical phrase. Hence, once the creation is added to the realm of world attention, and observers begin to interact with the creation, the meaning of the piece will undergo another translation into words as observers start to describe and recount their interaction. Only after the original meaning has traveled from the artist's mind, into a creation, and into the observer's mind, will it have it's first confrontation with language. However, if language itself created meaning, then we must understand art to be an interpretation of spoken or unspoken language; a second generation product of the human desire to communicate with self or others. This is the viewpoint endorsed by Dennett in Darwin's Dangerous Idea, as he states: "the 'lang... ... that "the idea of the original is created by the copies, and that the original is always deferred – never to be grasped." (Culler 12). This theory can be (and was originally) applied to one of the modes of human communication that is considered to be among the most precise – written language. But does this theory mean that we as humans have no hope of ever communicating exactly what it is we mean to another? Perhaps there is no hope of this, and that is why, in some more ambiguous forms of our communication, we have ceased to hope for it and admitted defeat on that front: but in doing so, we found a new realm of significance in the variety of interpretation. Works Cited 1)Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. New York, NY, 1997. 2)Dennett, Daniel C. Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Touchstone: New York, NY, 1995.

Between the Borderline of Mexico and The United States Essay -- essays

†Image in a self portrait generally communicates to the viewer information about the identity, character, environment, feelings and interests of the artist.† In the case if â€Å"Between the Borderline of Mexico and The United States† Frida Kahlo expresses her feeling that she holds towards hr alien environment, and her cultural identity. This will now be proven through analyzing the portrait to prove the above quote. Frida Kahlo's full name was Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderà ³n de Rivera. She was born in Mexico on July 6, 1907. Kahlo’s work was mainly centered on creating self portraits, but she did on occasions paint her family and friends. She married world famous Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, he frequently visited the United States and Frida joined him on these trips to America which at the time was experiencing a machine age, so there were many factories and large buildings around. Frida was not accustomed to this and thus she painted Self Portrait between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States to show her discomfort when visiting this foreign and unusual land. This conveys a sense of Frida Kahlo’s environment which she was subject to because of her husband. Self Portrait between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States was painted in 1932. Frida chose to paint the painting on a small piece of tin that was 11 3/4 x 13  ½, painting on metal is a traditional way of painting in Mexico and this technique is given the name Retablos. The subject matter with...

Appropriate Software and Hardware Essay

The package that I will be using will be Microsoft PowerPoint. This is the only software that will be needed, other than MS Windows in which it runs. PowerPoint is the leading presentation graphics program and comes wit MS Office, which Alex Ferguson already owns. A graphics program will also be used to manipulate the pictures image once they have been scanned in or copied from the Internet. The hardware required would be a scanner with which to scan in some of the photographs that have been taken of the team, and a digital camera, which I can borrow to take some pictures of the stadium. These can be imported into PowerPoint directly from the camera using the Insert, Picture, From Scanner or Camera command on the menu. A scanner will also be required to scan in pictures of the team, managers and stadium so fans can identify players/managers by picture and not just by name. A good monitor will be required since this information system will be running shop hours. With this in mind it will also be necessary to use a screen-saver built in to MS Windows in order to preserve the screen. A custom screensaver could be added at a later date. Lastly, a good mouse will be required for fans to navigate the system by clicking on the buttons. Data Required The manager of the team will be able to supply me with information on his team. More details about the team can be found on the Manchester United Official Website. There are also a lot of books and magazines on the team and its history. Pictures will also need to be either scanned in or copied from the Internet. A chart showing the information that I will need and where it will come from is shown on the next page: Data Manipulation The scanned/copied from the Internet, photographs and pictures can be imported into a Paint package and a text box added telling the fans what the picture/photograph is showing. Information gathered about the team will be typed in and formatted with appropriate fonts and colours. Data Flow Updating site information Alex Ferguson updates the team information whenever it changes. The new information is then stored in the application file. Dealing with customer enquires There will be a menu system with option buttons. A fan requests information from the system by clicking on a button. The system finds and displays the information for the customer. Format of information and graphics There will be around 13 slides in order to display all the information and the team history of each decade. Each slide will contain at least one picture or animation to keep the interest of the fan. The user requirements state that there should be a clear title on every slide. This should be in a larger font and in a different colour from the rest of the text. All buttons used on the slides should be kept in the same place on every slide. This will ensure that the viewer will always know where to expect the ‘Back to Start’ button to be on the page, making it easier to use. The interface should not use too many colours. A uniform look should be chosen and adhered to. Likewise, the selection of animations and transitions must be restricted so that everything does not look all jumbled together. These constraints will all add to the system looking more professional in the end.